The terms free flap, free autologous tissue transfer and microvascular free tissue transfer are equivalent terms used to depict the "transplantation" of tissue starting with one site of the body and then onto the next, to reconstruct a current deformity. "Free" suggests that the tissue is totally withdrawn from its blood supply at the original location ("donor site") and then moved to another location ("recipient site") and the flow in the tissue restored by anastomosis of artery(s) and vein(s). This is in contrast to a "pedicled" fold in which the tissue is left somewhat connected to the donor site ("pedicle") and basically transposed to another area; keeping the "pedicle" intact as a conduit to supply the tissue with blood.
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Different kinds of tissue might be moved as a "free flap" including skin and fat, muscle, nerve, bone, ligament (or any blend of these), lymph nodes and digestive fragments. An illustration of "free flap" could be a "free toe transfer" in which the great toe or the subsequent toe is moved to the hand to reconstruct a thumb.
For every single "free flap", the blood supply is reconstituted utilizing microsurgical procedures to reconnect the artery (carries blood into the fold) and vein (permits blood to stream out of the fold).
Free autologous tissue transfer is performed by numerous surgical specialties.